Key to the Exercise of Unit 5a
Exercise 1
- to the old ford
- i'r hen ryd
- ir henn rit
- (this is actually from Old Welsh - note the spelling differences)
- the queen's old clothes (clothes = "dillad")
- hen ddillad y vrenhines
- hen dyllat e urenhynes
- the true faith (faith = crevydd)
- y gwir grevydd
- y gwir grevydd
- three chief enchantments of the Island of Britain (Island of Britain = Ynys
Prydein)
- teir priv hud ynys Prydein
- teir prif hut enys prydein
- his chief court
- ei briv lys
- (the original is actually "prif lys idaw", but we haven't learned that
way to indicate posession yet)
- A man does not judge a wrong judgement. (judgement = barn; to judge = barnu)
- Gwr ny varn cam varn.
- Gwr ny varn kam varn.
Exercise 2
- I have taken a complete insult. (insult = gwaradwydd)
- Cwbyl waradwydd a cymmereis.
- (The original uses a different verb "Cwbyl waradwyd a geueis." Other past
tenses could have been used.)
- There is some magical meaning [i.e. "meaning of magic"] there. (meaning
= ystyr)
- Y mae yno ryw ystyr hud.
- Y mae yno ryw ystyr hut.
- No person ever saw so many people in one place. [i.e. "a person didn't ever
see ..."] (ever = eryoed; person = dyn, pl. dynyon)
- Ny weles dyn eryoed y sawl dynyon yn un lle.
- Nys gweles dyn eiryoet y sawl dynyon yn un lle.
- (The original has an infixed pronoun object -- nys -- which changes
the grammar a little. More about this later.)
- ... until everywhere [i.e. every place] in him was full. (until = yny; full
= cyvlawn)
- ... yny oedd yn gyvlawn pob lle ynddaw.
- ... yny oed gyflawn pop lle yndaw.
- in the entire kingdom
- yn yr holl gyvoeth
- yn yr holl gyuoeth
- of all courts of the earth
- o holl lysoedd y ddaear
- o holl lyssoed y dayar
- For a year, many minstrels were cheerful. (cheerful = llawen, pl. llewyn;
minstrel = cerddawr; year, for a year = blwyddyn)
- Blwyddyn bu llewyn llawer cerddawr.
- Blwydyn bu llewyn llawer kerdawr.
- (Note that the plural adjective takes its number from the sense of "llawer"
-- if it were "many cheerful minstrels" it would be "llawer cerddawr llawen"
presumably.)
Exercise 3
- glasvedd
- glas + medd
- green (in this case "fresh") mead
- glasgoed
- eurverch
- eur (aur) + merch
- golden girl
- harddwallt
- hardd + gwallt
- pretty hair
- lledneisverch
- lledneis (llednais) + merch
- modest girl
- hoywvardd
- hoyw + bardd
- lively bard ("hoyw" doesn't translate very well)
- hoywvab
- claerwawr
- hirddydd
- haelverch
- hael + merch
- generous girl
- hoywgorff
- hoywverch
- eurgae
- eur (aur) + cae
- golden brooch
- eurdorch
- eur (aur) + torch
- golden torque
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